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农村学校撤并后规模约束对学校优化布局的影响
小金 11-23在城镇化和农村人口减少的背景下,中国农村地区大量学校撤并,如何优化学校布局成为研究的重点。2008年原建设部发布了农村学校的最小和最大学生规模标准,但该标准对学校布局的影响尚缺乏研究。本文在包含最大距离约束的P-中值模型中增加了学校规模约束,构建了学校布局优化模型,并以北京延庆区小学布局为例,采用分支界定算法进行了求解。结果表明:实施学校规模标准化对学校优化选址有显著的影响,在优化模型中加入学校规模约束后,有65.22%的学校位置发生了改变,呈更加分散型布局;但在乡镇尺度下考察,学校的空间格局则基本未发生变化;学校规模标准化带来的距离增长较小,平均每个学生上学距离仅增长了135 m。并根据结果进一步讨论了研究结果对学校布局优化的政策启示。
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戴特奇, 王梁, 张宇超, 廖聪. 农村学校撤并后规模约束对学校优化布局的影响——以北京延庆区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(11): 1352-1359.
Teqi DAI, Liang WANG, Yuchao ZHANG, Cong LIAO. Optimizing school distribution with constraints of school size after school consolidation in rural China: A case study of Yanqing District, Beijing City[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(11): 1352-1359.
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图/表 5
图1
延庆学校分布现状"
图1
图2
情景一下延庆区农村小学布局和学生分配"
图2
表1
未达到国家标准规模的小学"
学校所在位置 规模/人 学校所在位置 规模/人香营乡白河堡水库 12 大庄科乡霹破石村 85
香营乡下德龙湾村 36 井庄镇老银庄村 97
千家店镇花盆村 47 旧县镇古城村 100
千家店镇红旗甸村 73 四海镇黑汉岭村 107
张山营镇小河屯村 74
表1
图3
情景二下延庆区农村小学布局和学生分配"
图3
图4
情景二延庆区农村学校布局和学生分配优化结果分类"
图4
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